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A Stellar Moment for Galician Culture by Antonio Bonet Correa
The exhibition A Galicia moderna corresponds to two decades from
the first third of the 20th century, that is, the twenty years from 1916
to 1936. The chronological boundaries of this exhibition are not a matter
of chance nor have they been chosen randomly. They are the consequence of
a careful reflection on the rhythm established in Galicia by a series of
cultural facts and historical events. It was in 1919 that the first
Irmandade de Amigos da Fala, a nationalist linguistic association, which
was soon extended to other Galician cities and towns and eventually
became, twelve years later in 1931, the nationalist party Partido
Galeguista, was founded in Corunna. The date that closes the exhibition
in 1936, year when the Spanish Civil War started, interrupting, in a
traumatic and terrible manner, the political process and of moral
regeneration, destroying the brilliant intellectual and artistic activity
of an essential and decisive period for Galicia.
The same as in different Spanish regions, especially those
located in peripheral areas but with their own cultural system, Galicia
started a collective and operational process whereby the country had to
be rescued from the utmost depression and stagnation. From the
nineteenth-century regionalism of our Galician Rexurdimento, Galicia went
into nationalism, thanks to the foundation of the Irmandades da Fala,
with the aim of achieving a Statute of Autonomy, which certainly
reignited Galicia' cultural and political life.
Castelao' work undoubtedly was the one that most profoundly
satirised the most old-fashioned Galician society, which objected to the
regeneration the reformists from the Xeracian Nós were longing for. Son
of a poor fisherman from Rianxo, who was forced to emigrate to America,
Castelao, who lived from 5 to 10 in Argentina, when his family returned
to Galicia went to high school in Pontevedra - the good town - and then
he went to Santiago de Compostela to study Medicine, although he would
never work as a doctor. Painter, caricaturist, writer and dramatist, he
was a man endowed with a political instinct, which led him to be a member
of Parliament in Madrid and one of the main pillars of the Galician
nationalist movement.
An essential chapter is that of architecture and urbanism. In the
19th century, Galician cities and villages had hardly had a really modern
development. In the early 20th century, Vigo and Corunna experienced an
urban expansion, which in Ourense and even Lugo, involved a considerable
change in the physiognomy of the urban landscape due to the new
architecture. The eclectic stone buildings in Vigo or the Banco Pastor
building in Corunna wanted to look similar to the American skyscrapers
and the Art Deco and rationalist buildings wanted to change the city'
layout completely.
That world, where everything seemed brand spanking new,
suddenly went dim and after the tough years of the Civil War, turned into
a long petrified night, in which, however, there were some survivors in
the inner exile and also from the exile of the 'emigrant Galicia', who
testified the great hope and brightness that had had one of the most
splendorous, fertile and fecund moments in Galicia' culture and art.
Extracts from the text that Antonio Bonet Correa, curator of the
exhibition, wrote for the catalogue of the show.
Image: Alphonso R. Castelao, Estudo de testa. Debuxo a lápiz, papel, 14,5 x 12 cm.
Centro Galego de Arte Contemporanea
First Floor and basement
Valle Inclan s/n 15704 Santiago de Compostela
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